こんにちは!「ヘアーインフォカレッジ」のHAYATOです!
今回は”メラニン色素”についてお話しします。
メラニン色素と言ってすぐに思いつくのは、
そう!ヘアカラーですね!
今回はカラーの予備知識として、
”メラニン色素”について学んでいきましょう(^^♪
この記事は
美容師アシスタント
若手美容師スタイリスト
髪の雑学に興味のある方
に向けての記事になります。
楽しんでいってください(・ω・)ノ
目次
【メラニン色素】
メラニン色素は皮膚や毛髪に含まれており、毛髪には全体の約4.5%程度含まれています。
皮膚では表皮(皮膚は表皮、真皮、皮下組織の順に構成されており、表皮はさらに4層になっている)最下層の基底層に、毛髪では毛母細胞に散らばっている色素細胞(メラノサイト)で、チロシン(アミノ酸の一種)を原料にメラニン合成酵素(チロシナーゼなど)の作用によって酸化重合され作られます。
またメラニンの量が多いと色が黒に近づいていきます。
(学生時代に使用したカラーフィルムを何枚も重ねると、それがどんな色でも黒に近づいていく。感覚的にはこんな感じです)
【髪への影響】
・髪の色への影響
メラニン色素の量と種類で決定されます。
メラニン色素は光を吸収するので、サイズが大きい、もしくは量が多い、またその両方で”髪色”が黒く見えます。
逆にメラニン色素が少ないと光を反射しやすくなるので”白”に近づいていきます。
・メラニン色素の種類
メラニン色素は主に2種類に分類することが出来ます。
『ユウメラニン(真メラニン)』
黒~褐色。実質このメラニン色素の量のみで髪の色が決定されてると言っても過言ではありません。このメラニン色素が多くなることで、ブロンドから徐々に黒に近づいていきます。アジア人はこのメラニン色素を多く含んでいます。
『フェオメラニン(亜メラニン)』
黄~赤色。赤い髪色には豊富に含まれています。ですが、黒髪やブロンド、ブラウン毛にはフェオメラニンの量には差がなく、ユウメラニンに量の違いが色の違いになっています。
普段のカラーでの話をすると、鮮やかな髪色には欠かせない“ブリーチ”。
ブリーチで脱色をすると、ユウメラニン(黒)が破壊されていき、フェオメラニン(黄)の割合が相対的に多くなり、所謂”金髪”になるわけです。
繰り返しブリーチをしても黄色味が消えないのは、この”フェオメラニン”によるものです。(ブリーチでは破壊され辛い)
【メラニン色素の役割】
有害な紫外線を吸収して、頭や身体を守る役割があります。
『紫外線の種類』
太陽光線には波長が長い順に、
赤外線→可視光線→紫外線(UV‐A、B、C)
と、なっています。
波長が短いほど、強いエネルギーを保持しているので紫外線は人体に悪影響を及ぼすことがあります。
<UVC>
波長域:100~280
オゾン層で吸収されるので、基本的には地表に到達しない。
非常に強い殺菌力を呈し、美容器具の消毒に用いられる。
人体に対し破壊性が高い。
<UVB>
波長域:280~315
ほぼ大気層で吸収される。一部地表まで到達し、皮膚や目に有害な影響を及ぼす。
やけどのような日焼けや、皮膚ガンの原因になる。
また、表皮で吸収され真皮までは到達しない。
<UVA>
波長域:315~400
UVBほどの有害性はないが長時間浴びた場合には健康被害が出る可能性がある。
また、UVBより皮膚透過しやすく真皮まで到達することもある。
所謂”日焼け”を引き起こす。
*可視光線~僕たちが見ることのできる範囲(光として感じる波長範囲の電磁波)
*赤外線~人の目に見えない光。波長が長く、電磁波が短い。熱戦と呼ばれる電磁波をだす。
【毛髪への影響】
乾燥や強度低下、キューティクルが荒れる、メラニン色素と光沢を失うなどの影響があります。先に述べたように頭部を保護するための”身代わり”になってくれています。
ヘアースタイリングする際には、”メトキシケイヒ酸オクチル”などの紫外線吸収剤が配合されているものを使用するのをおすすめします(´・ω・`)
一度傷んだ髪はもとには戻りませんからね!!
最後に
今回は『メラニン色素』について学んでいただきました。
普段するカラーに関係があり身近であるものの、あまり知る機会はなかったと思います。
これからも色々な情報を発信していきますので、今後ともよろしくお願いいたします(・ω・)ノ
good hair life for you!!
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